What must public figures demonstrate to win a libel case?

To win a libel case, public figures must demonstrate that falsehood and malice were present. This is a crucial standard because it reflects the heightened burden of proof that is placed on public figures compared to private individuals. The rationale behind this requirement stems from the First Amendment's protection of free speech, particularly concerning public debate and commentary about public figures, which is essential for a functioning democracy.

Public figures, such as celebrities, politicians, and other influential individuals, are expected to endure a greater level of scrutiny and criticism due to their prominence in society. Therefore, to succeed in a libel case, they must prove not only that the statement in question was false but also that it was made with actual malice. This means showing that the false statement was made either with knowledge of its falsity or with reckless disregard for whether it was true or false. This high standard ensures that the freedom of speech is not unduly stifled by the fear of litigation.

The other options do not encompass the legal requirements necessary for public figures in libel cases, thus clarifying why the correct answer focuses on the need to prove the elements of falsehood and malice.