What is marble cake federalism?

Marble cake federalism refers to a system in which the responsibilities and powers of state and national governments are intertwined and not distinctly separated. This model illustrates how federal and state authorities work collaboratively and share certain functions, much like the mixed components of a marble cake where different colors and flavors blend together.

In this type of federalism, both state and national governments are involved in various areas of governance, leading to overlapping roles and shared responsibilities. For example, education policy may see both federal funding and state administration, indicating an intermingling of powers rather than a strict separation. This concept highlights the dynamic and cooperative relationship between different levels of government, contrasting significantly with models that emphasize clear divisions of authority.

The other options refer to models of federalism where powers are distinctly divided or emphasize state sovereignty to a greater extent, which does not align with the concept of marble cake federalism.